Innis. 1951. The Bias of Communication

The use of a medium of communication over a long period will to some extent determine the character of knoweldge to be communicated and suggest that its pervasive influence will eventually create a civilization in which life and flexibility will become exceedingly difficult to maintain and that the advantages of a new medium will become such as to lead to the emergence of a new civilization

The bias of communication in paper and the printing industry was to offset by the bias of the radio.

McLuhan. 1964. The Medium is the Message

Any invention or technology is an extension or self-amputation of our physical bodies

The "message" of any new medium or technology is the change of scale or pace or pattern that it introduces into human affairs

New technologies eliminate old jobs and create new ones

The new electronic interdependence recreates the world in the image of a global village

Toffler. 1990. Powershift

Closely held specialists' knowledge is slipping out of control and reaching ordinary citizens. As knowledge is redistributed, so, too, is the power based on it

The highest quality power comes from the application of knowledge. It implies efficiency -- using up the fewest power resources to achieve a goal. The most versatile prevents waste of force or wealth, which it can multiply

Hammer & Champy. 1995. Reengineering

Reengineering is a fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical contemporary measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service and speed

A disruptive technology is a must when reengineering; which old rules can technology break?

cf paradigm shift